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Michael Langone : ウィキペディア英語版 | Michael Langone
Michael D. Langone is an American counseling psychologist who specializes in research about "cultic" groups and the pseudoscience of psychological manipulation. He is executive director of the International Cultic Studies Association, and founding editor of the journal ''Cultic Studies Journal'', later the Cultic Studies Review. Langone is author and co-author of two books and several articles. He first joined the International Cultic Studies Association (at that time known as the "American Family Foundation") in 1981.〔 == Career == Langone received his Ph.D in Counseling Psychology from University of California, Santa Barbara in 1979, where he was a Regents Fellow for three years, and he began his work in cults in 1978.〔 Langone defines a cult as "a group or movement exhibiting a great or excessive devotion or dedication to some person, idea, or thing, and employing unethically manipulative techniques of persuasion and control designed to advance the goals of the group’s leader, to the actual or possible detriment of members, their families, or the community".〔(''Cults Questions and Answers'' ) Langone, Michael, 1988〕 Langone joined the American Family Foundation in 1981, the organization later changed its name to the International Cultic Studies Association. In 1984 he became the editor of the American Family Foundation's house publication, ''Cultic Studies Journal''. The journal ceased publication in 2001 and was replaced with ''Cultic Studies Review'' as an Internet/online journal with triennial print editions.
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